A questionnaire survey was conducted to learn the opinions of radiologists and radiological technologists about the expected roles and expertise of radiology nurse specialists (RNSs, a tentative name for new nurse specialists envisioned in Japan). Thirty-five radiologists and 181 radiological technologists in one prefecture completed the questionnaire (the overall return rate was 63.9%). The respondents indicated that nurses who have high levels of knowledge and expertise in radiology nursing are necessary to augment collaborative practice in radiology departments. Their suggestions included: 1) subspecialties should be sought by RNSs because the scope of radiology is becoming increasingly wider; 2) the relationship with other nursing specialties should be made clear; and 3) appropriate curriculum for RNSs should be developed. It was indicated that radiologists and radiological technologists expected RNSs to play an important role both in diagnostic radiology and radiation oncology.